建立矿山水文地质专家系统几个问题的探讨     

吴恒 《地质论评》1994,40(2):131-139

专家系统作为一种人工智能技术,日益广泛地应用于各类专门问题的解答及技术咨询领域。矿山水文地质问题涉及因素多,不确确量亦较多,故引入专家系统是可行的。从专家系统知识库知识,矿山水文地质实例及理论分析成果等三方面知识为专家系统的知识来源。结合有色金属矿山水文地质调查资料及制做有色金属矿山水文地质评价专家系统（ＭＨＧＥＥＳ）的实践,本文阐述了两类专家系统的划分及各自的特点,讨论了第二类专家系统推理框架,  相似文献   

东北矿区资源开采诱发的工程地质灾害与环境损伤特征     

唐春安 《地球科学进展》2004,19(3):490-494

以东北老工业基地矿产资源型城市为基础，通过大量的实例和数据介绍了矿产资源开采诱发的工程灾害与环境损伤的内容和特点 ，并指出矿产资源开采诱发的工程灾害与环境损伤中的几个关键科学问题和所应当采用的分析研究方法。  相似文献   

The aging of gypsum in underground mines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christophe Auvray  Franoise Homand  Claudia Sorgi 《Engineering Geology》2004,74(3-4):183-196

The aging properties of gypsum extracted from two underground mines in France (Livry–Gargan and Grozon) have been highlighted by means of observation performed using scanning electron microscopy on samples taken along horizontal boreholes drilled through to the middle of several pillars. The aging process is exhibited by the presence of traces of dissolution (edges of the dissolved crystals, corroded crystalline surfaces, important intra- and intercrystalline space). These dissolution figures decrease in number and in intensity from the wall heading towards the middle of the pillar. The “older” pillars display a greater number of dissolution traces than the “more recent” pillars. Then, the role of the aging has been assessed by determining various physical and mechanical parameters on cylindrical samples of 38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height, machined from the set of drilled boreholes. The following parameters have been quantified: density, grains density, total porosity, porosity accessible to water, intrinsic permeability to nitrogen, velocity of ultrasonic compression and shear waves, dynamic Young's modulus, dynamic Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength and static Young's modulus. Significant variations in parameter values between the wall and the middle of the pillar were recorded and recognized as being strongly correlated with the intensity of dissolution traces, and hence with gypsum aging.  相似文献   

Uranium pollution of South African streams – An overview of the situation in gold mining areas of the Witwatersrand     

F. Winde  L. A. Sandham 《GeoJournal》2004,61(2):131-149

During more than a century of gold mining in South Africa large amounts of tailings were produced, which now cover vast areas in densely populated regions. These dumps contain elevated levels of uranium and other toxic heavy metals associated with gold in the mined ore. Large-scale extraction of uranium from auriferous ore only took place during the cold war, leaving tailings with high uranium concentrations that were deposited before and after this period. Recent studies found elevated levels of the radioactive heavy metal in groundwater and streams, mainly attributed to the discharge of contaminated water from mines. In this paper the contribution of seepage from slimes dams to the uranium pollution of adjacent streams is analysed. Based on geochemical analyses of samples, field observations and long-term in situ measurements of hydraulic and hydrochemical parameters at selected mining sites across the Witwatersrand goldfields, the extent, mechanisms and dynamics of diffuse stream contamination by tailings seepage is characterised. Temporal and spatial variations of the process and the associated hazard potential are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A simple accelerated rock weathering method to predict acid generation kinetics     

David M. Kargbo  Jiren He 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(6-7):775-783

The development of effective, and economical pre-development waste rock management plans requires an accurate estimate of the quality of drainage generated during mining. This study was conducted to determine if a simple accelerated rock weathering method with lower capital and personnel costs can be used in lieu of the elaborate and costly ASTM method to predict the quality of drainage generated. It involves subjecting rock samples to a constant relative humidity and temperature for 7 days and leach flooding the weathered samples on the 7th day. The acid production rate from the new weathering method correlates quite well with the net neutralization potential generated from the standard acid-base accounting procedure (R²=0.940) which has been demonstrated to be correct 90% of the time in assessing overburden quality, and a mineralogical method (R²=0.924). For investigators interested in generating weathering kinetic parameters, the simple and less costly accelerated weathering method is proposed.  相似文献   

京希金矿床地质特征、找矿标志及成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

伊发源  漆树基  左学义  王居里 《新疆地质》2004,22(4):366-369

京希金矿床位于博罗科努早古生代岛弧西段叶拉苏断陷中，赋矿地层为下石炭统大哈拉军山组的第二岩性段，含矿岩石主要为硅化火山角砾岩和硅化砂砾岩，矿床处于近NS向与NW向断裂的交汇锐角部位，强烈的硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化蚀变组合是高品位矿石的蚀变标志，近矿围岩中高岭石化、绢云母化普遍发育，岩石中富含Au、As、Sb、Hg，贫Cu、Pb、Zn等微量元素，成矿温度130～240℃，成矿深度0．67-0．70km，属浅成低湍热液型金矿。  相似文献   

原子荧光光谱法直接测定铜矿中的硒   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

何炼 《岩矿测试》2004,23(3):235-237

采用硫脲抑制铜的干扰，不经分离富集原子荧光光谱法直接测定铜矿中的Se。方法的检出限为0．02μg/g。Se浓度在0～80μg／L与荧光强度呈线性关系。用铜矿石国家一级标准物质GBW 07233(ωSe为5．1μg／g)和GBW 07234(ωSe为0.89μg／g)进行精密度试验，RSD(n=12)为3.44％、8.06％。加标准回收试验结果，Se的回收率为93．2％～104、6％。经铜矿石国家标准物质验证，测定结果与标准值相符，方法适用于铜矿中0～8．0μg／g Se的测定。  相似文献   

南涧干热退化山地植被恢复的植物多样性变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李全发  刘文耀  沈有信  刘伦辉  徐海清 《山地学报》2005,23(5):557-564

对20世纪90年代初期在南涧县城后山干热退化山地上营造的五种不同人工植物群落与未经改造次生植被的物种组成与结构进行了调查，采用生物多样性指数和相似性指数对各个群落进行测度。结果表明，经过十几年的恢复和保护，各人工群落植物种数及耐荫种数均有增加，分别在54～29和7～4间，高于坡柳、黄茅草灌草坡（26种和2种）。恢复群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、P{elou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数增加，其中乔木层Shannon-Wiener指数在0．15～1．45间；除桉树群落外灌木层Shannon-Wiener指数在0．91～0．76间，均明显大于坡柳、黄茅草灌草丛（0．44）；草本层Shannon．Wiener指数在0．39～1．49间，除桉树群落和新银合欢群落外也均有增加。恢复群落物种组成与结构逐渐向良性方向发展。然而，一些引进植物如山毛豆（Tephrosia caudida）在本地区早期阶段生长迅速并能够快速郁闭，为乡土植物生长创造了条件，但因自我更新能力差，已出现衰退现象，因此，应该加强人工群落保护和后续抚育管理，促进区域生态环境改善和良性发展。  相似文献   

城市三维可视化中规则房屋墙面纹理图像的压缩与恢复   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

薛玉彩  张祖勋  张剑清 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(5):525-528

以城市三维可视化中的房屋墙面纹理图像为对象，就其压缩与恢复的方法进行了研究，提出了一种基于自相似性墙面纹理分割的纹理图像压缩与恢复方法，以及对由于遮挡而墙面不完整的纹理图像的复原方法，并通过实例说明了此种方法对于城市三维可视墙面纹理贴图的实用性。  相似文献   

伸展型脆-韧性剪切带对沃溪钨锑金矿床的构造控制   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汪劲草  夏斌  雷鸣波  谭碧富 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):135-140

湖西沃溪钨锑金矿床受控于一条伸展型顺层脆-韧性剪切带。带内岩石在非共轴顺层剪切构造动力作用下发生变形分解，形成泥质构造根岩强变形带和砂质构造根岩弱变形域。泵吸中心-弱变形城中的承压矿液沿砂质构造根岩的ab面发生水力压裂而产生“D”型张剪裂隙。构造-流体双重动力系统的周期性振荡使主裂隙系统发生周期性的破裂-愈合作用而形成条带状复脉。矿液是通过隐蔽的低角度正断层、强变形带内的构造面理及弱变形城中的微裂隙系统运移的，说明在靠近滑脱面的弱变形城中水力压裂作用会增强，其矿化类型将以蚀变岩型为主、脉型为辅。  相似文献